Child Labor in the USA (1890-1920) essay

Child Labor in the USA (1890-1920) essay Child Labor in the USA (1890-1920) essay Child Labor in the USA (1890-1920) essayThe child labor became one of the most challenging problems in the US by the late 19th – early 20th century. The wide employment of children in the US was driven by the rapid industrialization but the employment of children in the industrial production had a negative impact on their health and deteriorated the public health in the US. The need of the child labor reform became obvious. Therefore, the child labor was widely-applied in the late 19th century but steadily the child labor reform emerged to put the end to unbearable conditions of work of children in American factories and other companies.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The child labor was a common practice in the late 19th century in the US. The major drivers of the wide use of the child labor in the US were the low costs of the child labor force and wide introduction of machinery that decreased the role of the physical power of employees. The low costs of the chi ld labor became attractive for employers, who wanted to save costs of the labor force and started to employ women and children to replace male workers (What Kinds of Work Did People Do in Industrial America). In addition, the introduction of machinery and new equipment allowed replacing the male labor by child labor because the physical force of men was not needed anymore (What Kinds of Work Did People Do in Industrial America). Instead, children could perform the same job. Hence, being as productive and less costly then male employees, child workers became more attractive for employers.At the same time, the child labor was still different from the labor of male workers. To put it more precisely, children still could not perform as much work as male workers did. Nevertheless, children wages were so low that the employment of the larger number of children was still cheaper for employers than the employment of a larger number of male workers.On the other hand, the employment of childr en raised the problem of unbearable conditions of work of children were unbearable. Employers were unaware and just indifferent to conditions of work of children because, if some children left their workplace or died, they could easily employ others because of the high supply of the labor force in the labor market. In such a way, employers did not care about conditions of work of children because they did not affect the productivity of their work and financial performance of factories and other companies employing children. In addition, there was no legislation that regulated the child labor or imposed some liabilities on employers concerning safety or conditions of work for children.However, conditions of work for adult, male employees did not match children’s physiological and psychological needs (Perera, 2014, 1863). Children could not afford working in the same conditions as adult male employees did because they were in the course of their physical development and the wor k in factories and other companies was exhausting and extremely stressful. As a result, children suffered from the negative impact on their physical health and psychological development. Conditions of work were unbearable for children that resulted in the development of chronic illnesses and considerable health problems in children. In this regard, the mortality rate among children and younger population had started to grow consistently along with the progress of industrialization and the growing number of children employees working in the US industrial production. For example, the mortality rate among children under the age of 5 had reached 52% level.The drastic deterioration of the health and longevity among children in the US raised the public concern about the negative impact of employees’ employment in the industrial production of the US. In response to unbearable conditions of work and related health issues, including the high mortality rate among children, the public a nd policy makers had started to develop the child labor reform in the early progressive era, in the late 19th century early 20th century. The reform aimed at the reduction or even total ban of the child labor to secure children and maintain their normal development. In fact, the public opposed to the wide employment of children and the public negative attitude to the child labor was widely-supported by the government and legislators because the child labor had a negative impact on the public health. The deterioration of the public health had a negative impact on the economic development of the US. Therefore, the US society and policy makers came to the point, when the child labor reform became inevitable and first steps toward the ban of the child labor were finally undertaken and eventually put the end to the child labor in the US.Thus, the child labor was damaging for children and society. The US could not afford the child labor because it undermined the economic and social devel opment of the US. The negative impact of the industrial production on children’s health made the child labor reform essential for the US.

The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation Essay Example

The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation Essay Example The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation Paper The Environmental Issue of Overpopulation Paper According to the Environmental Protection Agency, overpopulation occurs hen a populations density exceeds the capacity of the environment to supply the health requirements of an individual. In other words, overpopulation happens when the amount of individuals exceeds the amount of resources the individuals require in order to satisfy their most basic needs. Overpopulation has become an issue because our earth can only provide so much for the sustained of every human life. In the past, more industrialized and populated countries have been main contributors to the pollution and plundering of the Earth. The united Nations reports that population increases have slowed and even stopped in places such as North America, Japan, and Europe. Still, the growth in population of places such as sub-Sahara Africa and south and western Asia has been a significant factor in the increase of the worlds population. Industrialized countries in the past have done their share of plundering and polluting. But today most such problems occur in developing countries commonly called the Third World, which also happen to be the areas of greatest population growth (Nat Ego). The global population rises at the rate of 78 million people per year. A problem within the problem of overpopulation is the fact that the fastest growing countries are the least able to afford their large populations. Africans population has tripled since 1 960 and continues to grow the fastest. Europe had twice as many people as Africa in 1960. By 2050 experts estimate there will be three times as many Africans as Europeans (Nat Ego). The idea of more people may not seem like a big deal, but it is a huge deal when everyones most basic needs cannot be met because there are too many people. The tied Nations believes that as the 21 SST century approaches, ore than a billion people will lack their most basic needs. Nearly three-fifths of the 4. 8 people in developing countries lack sanitation and other needs as it is. In 1 798, British economist Thomas Malthusian proposed the theory that population growth would surpass that ability to produce food, and this, he said, would lead to war, famine, and disease (Nat Ego). Pollution, exploitation of natural resources, and deforestation are just a few of the effects of overpopulation. Another negative aspect of overpopulation is the issue of waste management. More people means more waste, and more waste means hat a serious innovation in waste management must occur. Otherwise the poor management of waste will lead to massive disease outbreaks. Besides this, more waste also means more pollution. Every year the United Nations observes a World Population Day. On this day there is great fanfare, the government officials issues statements regarding depopulation programs, and the media has a field day with the talk of depopulation methods. Many people are apprehensive in regards to the subject of overpopulation and some blame overpopulation as the real cause for poverty and underdevelopment. However, there are those that dont view the subject as a threat and that the facts should be thoroughly reviewed before making such claims. Doug Allen, dean Of the school Of Architecture at Georgia Institute Of Technology, believes that overpopulation isnt a serious concern seeing as how architects and urban design experts dont even consider the theory when they build their models. He also goes on to cite the falling birthrates in urban populations such as Italy as further proof. Many researchers have claimed that the problem is not too many people and that contrary to popular belief, oral population growth is actually declining. According to UN figures, the 79 countries that comprise 40 percent of the worlds population now have fertility rates too low to prevent population decline. According to Dry. Strolled of SST. Josephs College in Renewals, Indiana, by meaningful measure the world is actually becoming relatively less populated (Jan). Despite the belief that the world is not becoming overpopulated, the worlds population has been increasing since the eighteenth century. Population has risen six-fold in the past 200 years and this has been made possible by explosions in productivity, resources food, information, communications, science, and medicine. Supposedly, the six-fold increase is thus dwarfed by the eighty-fold in world output during the same 200-year period. The current overpopulation hysteria began in the sixties with Paul Earlier who wrote the book The Population Bomb and frightened millions with prophesies of starvation, death, and destruction (Jan). Earlier predicted increases in famine, dwindling and rising expenses of natural resources, piles of waste, and environmental destruction, all of which are occurring as we speak. According o the U. S. Census Bureaus International Data Base, by the year 2050, India will replace China as the worlds most populated country (Hovel). This will happen as a result Of each countrys rapid population growth rate. If India and China continue to grow at their current rates, their countries will become overpopulated and their resources will become jeopardized. The president of the Population Institute, Lawrence Smith, believes that the worst possible result of overpopulation would be the admonishment of fresh, clean water (Hovel). I completely agree with this because obviously no living organism an be so without water. Fresh water is a valuable and diminishing resource. Two percent of the earths water is fresh and 1. Percent is frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers. A huge issue we will have in the near future is how the increasing population will share less than half percent of the earths usable freshwater. With that said, uranium will also become a valuable and diminishing resource because the nuclear power generated by uranium is used to run seawater desalination plants (Mills). One of the biggest issues with the grow ing population rate is that it means there will be many more mouths to feed. As of right now, we do not have enough food to do that, so we will need to grow more. To grow more food, we will need to yield to arable lands and find more fresh water, and we will also need more nuclear energy (uranium). Potash will also become a valuable and diminishing resource because it is one of the microinstructions essential for plants to grow and thrive. Potash is a major source Of potassium, which is found in every plant cell. The increase use of plant nutrients will be most effective in increasing crop yields in the face of an increasing global population and water shortages (Mills). In conclusion, overpopulation has a number of effects and will cause a myriad of chain effects. Scientists, economists, and investors alike all see vital issues aroused by the growth in our population. It is a serious matter because it will lead to the exhaustion of our already diminishing natural resources as well as disease outbreaks and even more pollution. Technology has struggled to keep up with and tend to the problem of overpopulation, yet the challenge to find more efficient and environmentally friendly ways to preserve the earth and feed the world still remains. Our natural resources must be reserved and seed efficiently.

Project Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project Management Plan - Essay Example Presteigne is a small town which is right at the border of Wales and England. This formulates a virtue for its relative isolation. The fact that it is situated between England and Wales makes it a strategic town because both England and Wales will want to contribute to its development and gain from it. The transformation of Presteigne town into a technology city will not only help to strengthen the ties between Wales and England but it will also help in the creation of over 60,000 jobs in the first phase of the project and over 200,000 other in the completion of the project. Since Presteigne is secluded from the modern world it has maintained a great deal of ancient relics of both Wales and England and hence the museum which will be built in the city will also go a long way in preserving the relics and putting them on display for everyone to see. The project will be completed in both phases the first phase will be the longest taking 6 years and the second phase will require 5 years f or completion. By phase one’s completion, the following objectives must have been met: a science and technology square, a commerce process outsourcing center, intercontinental finance center an ancient relic’s museum, tourism amenities, a top notch research center and other basic social utilities such as schools churches malls and the like. The completion of this phase will be accompanied by a creation of over 60,000 job opportunities for citizens of both England and Wales the second phase will only be a polishing up of the facilities and the establishment of other multinational companies in the city. At its completion around 200,000 jobs will have been created with the highest percentage coming from the science and technology square. Assessment of the project environment For expediency of a project, its environment must be considered might be considered. The considerations of the environment are done in the perspectives of the project period environment, the interior project mores, the commercial culture, and the exterior societal environs when a consideration of the internal and external factors that might influence the project was done, the following was established. The factors external to the project included political interference, demonstrations by the town’s residents, remoteness of the town and also the unavailability of building materials in the town. The internal factors included leadership techniques and organizational charter which was espoused for the project and the management of the funds of the project since the project was running on a limited budget and there were numerous risk factors that surrounded the project. Project organization If it is possible, a project ought to be seen through by an incorporated squad comprising of the client squad, specialist consultants, constructors and professional contractors functioning jointly as a unitary squad. To attain a thriving incorporation of synchronized numerous activities; th e activities must be clustered. Clustering effect is a "chaining" or "networking" activities based on recognizing criterion: practical technology, ordinary clientele, geographical vicinity, the manufacturing procedure, etc. Gareis (2004) and Thiry and Deguire (2007, p. 652) recognized three main factors that can improve organizational structure of any project and these factors include: 1. Horizontal incorporation progression of projects in the artefact’